An acronym for the Mughal state and its most famous tribes
Our passion only increases when he hears about
the Mongols and asks about them and their tribes, for the references were the
source that followed the events, which is the key to us in the forgotten pages
of history. The Mongols succeeded, in a relatively short period of time, in
establishing a sprawling empire, which included vast areas. From Asia (China,
India, after the river, Iran, Iraq, the Caucasus,
Georgia, and Asia Minor, in addition to Russia, and most of the eastern
countries of the European continent (Bulgaria, Hungary, and Poland).
The Tatars used to live in the area extending
from the south of Lake Baikal to the Kirulin River, and it is bordered in the
north by the Orkhon and Slinga rivers, the Kyrgyz Kingdom, northern China and
the Uyghur kingdoms to the west, and the Tibet region to the south.
The Mongolian nation was divided into several
tribes, the most famous of which were those that fought under the banner of
Genghis Khan, and contributed to establishing his vast empire, and these tribes
are:
Qiyat: the pagan Mongolian Genghis Khan tribe who
lived in the northeast of present-day Mongolia, between the Onon and Keroulen
rivers.
The Oirat : they lived west of Lake Baikal, close to the
headwaters of the Yenise River, or the eight rivers.
Naimants: Turkic tribes who lived in the far west between
the highs of the Artisch and Orkhon rivers, near the foothills of the Altay
Mountains, and were the most civilized Mongolian tribes.
Keraites: tribes of Turkish origin who settled in the eastern
oases of the Gobi Desert, south of Lake Baikal, up to the Great Wall of China.
Merkites: Mongolian tribes resided in the area north of
Kraite, on the lower course of the Slinga River, south of Lake Baikal.
Tatars: a large group of tribes, which has achieved
wide fame, so that many historians have given the name Tatars to all Mongolian
tribes, so the month of the Mongols or "Mughal" in their original
name in addition to the title of the Tatars.
As for the social life of the Mongolian society,
the Mongolian society was based on caste, the first class: which is the
nobility, and they were called by the titles, Hadar, meaning the brave. And
Tobin, meaning the noble, and the stsen, the wise.
And the second layer: the Nukur class, meaning
the free, and on these the military and political system was based in Mongolia,
during the time of "Genghis Khan", and they formed the class of
warriors and their loyalists.
And the third class: it is the common class, the
slave class, and each group or clan of the Mongols had a chief, who might be a
king, “Khan, Gan,” or a leader of “Baki or Baki,” and with this title the
chiefs of the forest tribes such as “Uirat and Merkit were famous.
As for the official religion of the Mongols, it
is called “shamanism.” It is represented in the worship of aspects of nature,
especially the sun, and is characterized by strong obedience to its priests who
in turn take over the private life of their followers.
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